Italy’s Constitutional Gamble
On October 10, 2025, Italy enacted Law No. 132/2025 on artificial intelligence, becoming the first EU Member State to adopt comprehensive national legislation complementing the AI Act.
This move raises a serious constitutional question: can Member States successfully navigate the tension between European harmonization and national constitutional identity in AI governance?
Author's summary: Italy's AI law raises concerns about EU digital sovereignty.
- Law 132/2025 introduces innovative constitutional safeguards, particularly regarding democratic integrity.
- However, it also exposes fundamental contradictions in the EU’s approach to digital sovereignty.
This contribution argues that Italy’s pioneering approach risk triggering precisely the kind of regulatory fragmentation that the AI Act was designed to prevent.